Paris, France (2,193,031)
Today Paris is the City of Lights, a popular tourist destination and the world’s capital of romance.  But before the 1860s it was crowded, dirty, and filled with slums.  In 1853 French emperor Napoleon III commissioned Baron Haussman to redesign the city.  The aims were twofold: to create a more pleasant and livable city, and to make it harder for disenchanted citizens to seize control of the city, which was a constant threat.  The first step was to create wide boulevards throughout Paris, with large squares at their intersections.  Two new railroad stations were built, as well as new parks and green spaces...